Table of Contents

1. Introduction.

5

1.1 Finding potential safety issues through the analysis of EMCIP data .

5

1.2 Why navigation accidents?

6

1.3 Main findings

6

1.4 The EU framework for Accident Investigation

7

1.5 Acknowledgement

8

.1.6 Disclaimer

8

2.-Accident events and human action

9

3. Contributing Factors

12

3.1 Potential safety issues (SI).

12

3.2 Work/operation methods

13

3.3 Organisational Factors

14

3.4 Risk assessment

14

3.5 Environment

14

3.6 Individual factors

15

3.7 Tools and hardware (design/operation)

15

3.8 Competence and skills

15

3.9 Emergency response

15

3.10 Operation planning

16

4. Main takeout

17

4.1 Triggers of “human element” in navigation accidents

18

4.2 Coordination of the bridge team, workload and resource availability

20

4.3 Conflicts of shipborne technology

21

4.4 Bridge ergonomics and equipment design

22

4.5 Complexity of “procedures” in safety

23